Not all matcha is created equal. One of the most important factors influencing matcha’s flavor, aroma, and price is harvest timing. In Japan, this difference is commonly described as first flush and second flush.
In this article, we explain what first and second flush matcha are, how they differ, and how harvest timing affects quality and use cases.
If you’re new to matcha, start with What Is Matcha?, or explore the production process in How Matcha Is Made.
What does “flush” mean?
In tea production, a flush refers to a growth cycle of tea leaves. The first flush is the first harvest of the season, while the second flush comes from leaves that regrow after the first harvest.
Because the plant’s condition and nutrient balance change over time, each flush produces leaves with distinct characteristics.
What is first flush matcha?
First flush matcha is made from the earliest harvested leaves of the season. These leaves have developed slowly over winter and early spring.
- Higher amino acid content
- More pronounced umami
- Smoother, softer flavor profile
Due to limited yield and higher cultivation costs, first flush matcha is typically more expensive and often used for premium drinking applications.
What is second flush matcha?
Second flush matcha is produced from leaves harvested after the first cut. These leaves grow more quickly under stronger sunlight.
- More robust flavor
- Slightly higher bitterness or astringency
- Greater yield and lower cost
Second flush matcha is often chosen for lattes, culinary use, or applications where matcha is combined with other ingredients.
First vs. second flush: key differences
| Aspect | First flush | Second flush |
|---|---|---|
| Harvest timing | Early season | Later in the season |
| Flavor profile | Smooth, umami-forward | Stronger, more robust |
| Typical price | Higher | More accessible |
| Common uses | Usucha, premium drinking | Lattes, culinary, blends |
Neither is “better” in absolute terms—the right choice depends on how the matcha will be used.
How to choose the right matcha
When choosing between first and second flush matcha, consider the purpose:
- For traditional drinking: first flush
- For lattes or recipes: second flush
- For cost efficiency: second flush
- For delicate flavor: first flush
Understanding harvest timing allows you to choose matcha intentionally, rather than relying solely on labels or price.